San Antonio’s initiative to reintroduce the Texas horned lizard, affectionately known as the “horny toad,” has received a significant boost from an unexpected ally—Zoo Miami in Florida.
Dr. Glenn Gluesenkamp of the San Antonio Zoo notes the public’s enduring affection for these reptiles, whose scientific name is Phrynosoma cornutum. “The nicknames ‘horny toad,’ ‘horned frog,’ and ‘horn toad’ reflect the deep connection people have with these lizards,” Gluesenkamp remarked.
Once abundant across Texas, the Texas horned lizard has nearly vanished from many parts of the state over the past fifty years, particularly in areas with high human activity. “The species has disappeared from much of its former range, especially where about 80% of Texans live,” Gluesenkamp explained.
This decline is closely linked to urban development and agricultural practices, which disrupt the lizard’s natural habitat. Many older Texans recall catching these lizards in their youth, highlighting a significant void felt by those who once enjoyed their presence.
For nearly seven years, the San Antonio Zoo has been breeding, hatching, and releasing horned lizards onto select ranches. The collaboration with Zoo Miami is a testament to the project’s expanding reach and scientific impact. “Although the Texas horned lizard is not native to Florida, its charm has captivated people beyond Texas, including our partners at Zoo Miami,” Gluesenkamp noted.
The reintroduction process is intricate, requiring the simulation of winter conditions and optimal incubation environments. After hatching, the lizards are closely monitored before being released into the wild. To date, the San Antonio Zoo has conducted four releases, introducing 208 lizards into their native habitat.
Assessing the success of these releases is challenging due to the lizards’ elusive nature, which serves as a key survival trait. Despite concerns about potential impacts from severe weather, ongoing evidence suggests that the lizards are adapting well.
Looking ahead, Gluesenkamp remains optimistic about the program’s future, contingent on continued public support and funding through grants and donations. “We’ll persist with this effort as long as we can maintain our standards and receive community backing,” he affirmed.