When it comes to tarantulas, the genus Brachypelma is home to some of the most popular species among enthusiasts. Two of these species, Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii, are often confused for one another due to their similar appearance and shared habitat. However, despite these similarities, there are key differences that set these two species apart. This article will explore these differences between Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii in detail, highlighting their appearance, behavior, habitat, and care requirements.
1. Taxonomy and Classification
The first step in understanding the difference between Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii is looking at their classification. Both species belong to the family Theraphosidae, which includes all tarantulas, and the genus Brachypelma. However, they were described and classified differently.
Brachypelma smithi: This species was first described by the renowned arachnologist Anton Ausserer in 1875. It was one of the first tarantulas described within the Brachypelma genus.
Brachypelma hamorii: Originally described as Brachypelma smithii in 1892, this species was reclassified in 2004 by the arachnologist Fernando Pérez-Miles. The reclassification was based on genetic and morphological differences that were previously overlooked.
Despite their different taxonomic history, both species share many similarities, which is why they are often confused. The primary distinction is that Brachypelma smithi is the older, more widely recognized name, while Brachypelma hamorii is the more recent classification.
2. Physical Appearance
One of the most noticeable ways to distinguish between Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii is their appearance. Although they both have a striking coloration, there are subtle differences in their physical traits.
Coloration: Both species are known for their bright, orange-red markings on the abdomen and carapace. However, Brachypelma hamorii tends to have more intense, vibrant colors. The orange markings on the abdomen of hamorii are typically brighter and more pronounced than those of smithi.
Size: Brachypelma smithi is generally slightly smaller than Brachypelma hamorii. While both species can grow to about 6 inches (15 cm) in leg span, hamorii individuals tend to reach their full size more quickly.
Hair Distribution: Another physical difference is in the density of setae (bristles) covering their bodies. Brachypelma smithi usually has a thicker coating of hair on the body and legs, which gives it a fluffier appearance compared to Brachypelma hamorii.
Mature Male Characteristics: One of the easiest ways to distinguish between the two species, especially in males, is the presence of tibial hooks. Male Brachypelma smithi have tibial hooks on their first pair of legs, while Brachypelma hamorii males do not. This feature is a key trait in tarantula identification.
3. Behavior and Temperament
The temperament of tarantulas is often an essential factor for hobbyists when deciding which species to keep. Both Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii are known for their relatively calm and docile nature. However, there are subtle differences in behavior.
Brachypelma smithi: This species is considered one of the most docile tarantulas. It is slow-moving and not very defensive, making it a favorite for beginners. Brachypelma smithi tarantulas are typically less likely to flick urticating hairs when they feel threatened, and when they do, it is usually only in extreme situations.
Brachypelma hamorii: While also known for being docile, Brachypelma hamorii can be a little more skittish than smithi. It may be quicker to retreat to its burrow when disturbed, and although it is still considered a good species for beginners, it can display slightly more defensive behavior, especially in younger individuals.
Both species are non-aggressive towards humans and can be handled, but it is always important to handle tarantulas gently and with care to avoid stress.
4. Habitat and Range
Both species are native to Central America, but they come from different regions within that general area. Understanding their natural habitat can help keepers provide a more comfortable environment for each species.
Brachypelma smithi: Brachypelma smithi is primarily found in the western parts of Mexico, particularly in regions like Sinaloa. It prefers dry, arid environments, typically found in scrubland or the edges of deserts. These tarantulas are often seen in burrows under rocks or inside hollow logs.
Brachypelma hamorii: On the other hand, Brachypelma hamorii is generally found in the southern regions of Mexico, especially in areas like Chiapas. While this species also thrives in dry environments, it is more commonly associated with rainforests or areas with more humidity compared to smithi.
Even though both species thrive in warm, dry conditions, their preference for different microhabitats reflects the slight differences in environmental needs. Brachypelma hamorii may require slightly more humidity in captivity than Brachypelma smithi.
5. Lifespan
When it comes to lifespan, there are differences between the two species that are important for tarantula enthusiasts to consider.
Brachypelma smithi: Brachypelma smithi is known for having a long lifespan, with females living up to 30 years in captivity. Males, however, have a significantly shorter lifespan, often living only 5-6 years.
Brachypelma hamorii: Similar to smithi, Brachypelma hamorii females can live for several decades, although they tend to have a slightly shorter lifespan of around 20-25 years. Males also live for a shorter period, usually around 5-7 years.
In general, both species are long-lived for tarantulas, and the lifespan of the female is significantly longer than that of the male.
6. Care Requirements
Despite their differences, the care requirements for both species are quite similar. Both Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii are terrestrial tarantulas, meaning they spend most of their time on the ground rather than climbing. They also both thrive in relatively simple setups.
Enclosure: A standard tarantula enclosure for both species should be at least three times the size of their leg span in length and width, with a secure lid. The substrate should be deep enough to allow for burrowing (around 3-4 inches). Coconut fiber or peat moss is often used, as it retains moisture without becoming too soggy.
Temperature and Humidity: Both species prefer a warm environment, with temperatures between 75-85°F (24-29°C). Humidity should be maintained at around 60-70%. It is important to avoid overly humid conditions, as this can cause mold and fungal growth.
Feeding: Both species feed on a variety of insects, including crickets, roaches, and mealworms. Juvenile tarantulas may require smaller prey, while adults can take larger insects. They should be fed once a week, and fresh water should always be available in a shallow dish.
Molting: Like other tarantulas, both Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii molt regularly. During this time, it is important not to disturb them, as the process is critical to their growth and health.
7. Breeding and Reproduction
Breeding Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii in captivity is similar. The females of both species can produce eggsacs with hundreds of eggs, but successful breeding requires careful monitoring to ensure the female does not become aggressive towards the male. As with many tarantulas, males will typically die after mating, while females can live for many more years.
Conclusion
While Brachypelma smithi and Brachypelma hamorii share many similarities, they also have distinct differences. These differences include subtle variations in coloration, behavior, habitat, and care requirements. Understanding these differences is key for enthusiasts and hobbyists, especially when choosing between the two species. Both tarantulas make excellent pets due to their calm nature, long lifespan, and beautiful appearance, but they do have slightly different environmental needs that should be taken into consideration when providing them with the best care possible.
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