SANTIAGO: A giant frog species, often described as a “living fossil,” is facing increasing threats from climate change and human activity in its native Chile. The Calyptocephallela gayi, commonly known as the Helmeted Water Toad, has survived alongside dinosaurs for millions of years, but its future is now uncertain due to environmental pressures.
One of the largest frog species in the world, the Helmeted Water Toad can grow up to 30 centimeters in length and weigh as much as one kilogram. Despite its long evolutionary history, the amphibian has experienced little genetic change, making its current vulnerability all the more concerning.
“It’s heartbreaking that a species that survived alongside dinosaurs and endured a mass extinction is now facing threats from humans,” said Melissa Cancino, a veterinarian and founder of Proyecto Anfibia, a Chilean organization dedicated to amphibian research and conservation.
The Helmeted Water Toad’s range extends from the Coquimbo region in the north to the southern island of Chiloé. However, scientists estimate that its population has declined by at least 30 percent since 1990. The species is currently classified as “vulnerable” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List.
According to Cancino, multiple factors contribute to the frog’s dwindling numbers. Climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, and environmental degradation have all taken a toll on the species. Additionally, poor water management and illegal waste runoff have further compromised the frog’s habitat.
Matías Faundez, a fellow member of Proyecto Anfibia, has witnessed the damage to the toad’s habitat firsthand. “This estuary runs through the city and is plagued by illegal runoff,” he said, standing in a stream near Valparaíso. “Despite these challenges, the frog continues to survive.”
As climate change and human intervention threaten the survival of this ancient amphibian, conservationists are calling for increased efforts to protect the Helmeted Water Toad and its fragile ecosystem.
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